PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – THEORY
Course Code: ER20-12T
Duration: 75 Hours (3 Hours/week)
Scope:
This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on the chemical structure, storage conditions, and medicinal uses of organic and inorganic chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals. It also discusses impurities and quality control aspects of these substances.
Course Objectives:
This course will cover:
- Chemical classification, chemical name, chemical structure.
- Pharmacological uses, doses, stability, and storage conditions.
- Formulations/dosage forms available and their brand names.
- Impurity testing and basic quality control tests.
Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, students will be able to:
- Describe the chemical class, structure, and name of common drugs.
- Discuss pharmacological uses, dosages, stability, and storage.
- Explain quantitative/qualitative analysis and impurity testing.
- Identify dosage forms and brand names of pharmaceuticals.
Chapter-wise Breakdown:
| Topic | Detailed Content |
|---|---|
| 1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry | Scope, and objectives, Sources and types of errors, accuracy, precision, significant figures. Impurities in pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic |
| Volumetric and Gravimetric Analysis | Fundamentals and types of titrations: acid-base, non-aqueous, precipitation, complexometric, redox. Gravimetric analysis: principles and methods. |
| Inorganic Pharmaceuticals | Pharmaceutical formulations, market preparations, storage conditions and uses of ● Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron ● Gastro-intestinal Agents: Antacids :Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Acidifying agents, Adsorbents, Protectives, Cathartics ● Topical agents: Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate ● Dental products: Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouth washes ● Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen |
| Nomenclature of Organic Compounds | Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings |
| Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System (Format 1) Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System (Format 2) | Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System Anaesthetics: Thiopental Sodium, Ketamine Hydrochloride, Propofol ● Sedatives and Hypnotics: Diazepam, Alprazolam, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital* ● Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Haloperidol, Risperidone, Sulpiride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone ● Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine ● Anti-Depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Imipramine Hydrochloride, Fluoxetine*, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine |
| Cardiovascular Drugs | Anti-arrhythmic: quinidine, lidocaine, amiodarone. Anti-hypertensive: propranolol, captopril, clonidine. Anti-anginals: isosorbide dinitrate. |
| Diuretics | Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorthalidone, spironolactone. |
| Hypoglycemic Agents | Insulin, metformin, glibenclamide, glimepiride, pioglitazone, gliptins, gliflozins. |
| Analgesic & Anti-inflammatory Agents | Morphine analogues, NSAIDs: aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, aceclofenac. |
| Anti-infective Agents | Antifungals: amphotericin-B, ketoconazole, fluconazole. Urinary tract: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin. Anti-TB: isoniazid, rifampicin. Antivirals: acyclovir, remdesivir. Antimalarials: chloroquine, artemisinin. Sulfonamides: sulfadiazine, cotrimoxazole. |
| Antibiotics | Penicillin G, amoxicillin, streptomycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol. |
| Antineoplastic Agents | Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, vinblastine, cisplatin, doxorubicin. |
Total Hours: 75